GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is actually based on an improved version of TDMA technology.

In 1982, the Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications (CEPT) began the process of creating a digital cellular standard that would allow users to roam from country to country in Europe. By 1987, the GSM standard was created based on a hybrid of FDMA (analog) and TDMA (digital) technologies. GSM engineers decided to use wider 200 kHz channels instead of the 30 kHz channels that TDMA used, and instead of having only three slots like TDMA, GSM channels had eight slots. This allowed for fast bit rates and more natural-sounding voice-compression algorithms. GSM is currently the only one of the three technologies that provide data services such as e-mail, fax, Internet browsing, and intranet/LAN wireless access, and it’s also the only service that permits users to place a call from either North America or Europe. The GSM standard was accepted in the United States in 1995. GSM-1900 cellular systems have been operating in the US since 1996, with the first network being in the Washington, D.C. area. Major carriers of GSM 1900 include Omnipoint, Pacific Bell, BellSouth, Sprint Spectrum, Microcell, Western Wireless, Powertel and Aerial.

—From “Selling the Cell Phone/PCS Technology,” an article by Mary Bellis

2.5 Generation: GPRS, EDGE, and CDMA 2000

The next generation, called 2.5G, is actually more of an intermediate solution to third generation networks. Because third generation networks require a complete overhaul of the wireless network, the expense to complete the implementation is very high. At the writing of this book, most network providers are beginning to implement 3G and most are finalizing the process of taking the 2.5G plunge. The big question is what is this inbetween generation and what does it mean from a business standpoint for wireless application implementation. As it sounds, the two and a half generation is intended to be a vast improvement in speed and services, but not to the extent of a full-blown 3G implementation. The additional functions provided by a 2.5G network are the following:

• Speed of data access (see Figure 4.3)
• Identification of location of the wireless device

Taken From : Enterprise Guide to Gaining Business Value from Mobile Technologies

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